|
PERSIAN
MANUSCRIPTS
IN
OTTOMAN
AND
MODERN
TURKISH
LIBRARIES.
Historical
background:
Turkish
libraries
today
possess
the
richest
and
most
valuable
collection
of
Islamic
manuscripts
(henceforth
MSS)
in
the
world.
They
were
collected
over
a
long
period
of
time.
The
Persian
MSS
in
the
libraries
of
Istanbul
and
Anatolia
today
were
collected
from
four
sources:
1)
Persian
manuscripts
written,
translated,
and
copied
in
Anatolia.
2)
Persian
manuscripts
brought
into
Anatolia
by
immigrant
scholars.
3)
Persian
MSS
brought
to
Anatolia
by
traders.
4)
Persian
MSS
brought
there
as
booty
of
the
wars
and
conquests
of
the
16th
and
18th
centuries.
The
Saljuq
conquests,
which
took
place
in
the
second
half
of
the
11th
century,
and
the
establishment
of
the
Saljuq
sultanate
of
Rum
in
the
last
quarter
of
the
same
century
spread
Islamic
culture
through
Anatolia
in
a
relatively
short
period.
The
Saljuqs
championed
Persian
letters,
and
this
led
to
the
spread
and
production
of
works
in
Persia
and
Anatolia.
Soon
after
this,
we
can
see
the
beginning
of
a
literary
culture
in
Anatolia
in
the
form
of
original
writings,
translations,
and
copying.
We
have
little
information
about
these
activities
in
the
first
stages
of
their
development
in
Anatolia.
However,
some
information
may
be
obtained
from
the
MSS
that
have
survived
to
the
present
day.
According
to
our
present
knowledge,
the
first
Persian
book
written
in
Anatolia,
about
a
century
before
the
first
Turkish
work
appeared
in
this
region,
is
Kaæf
al-¿aqaba
by
Elya@s
b.
Ahámad
of
Qaysáariya
(Kayseri)
at
the
very
beginning
of
the
12th
century
(Bayram
1981,
p.
13).
The
oldest
extant
Persian
work
reflecting
the
geography
of
Anatolia
is
the
autographed
manuscript
of
Keta@b
wojuh
al-Qor÷a@n
by
Abu'l-Fazµl
H®obayæ
b.
Ebra@him
b.
Moháammad
Teflisi,
completed
in
Konya
on
24
Sáafar
558/1
February
1163
(Atéf
Efendi
Library,
Eki,
no.
1316;
FIGURE
1).
This
was
followed
by
other
MSS
in
the
second
half
of
the
12th
century
(e.g.,
Bal¿ami's
Pers.
Tr.
of
T®abari,
AÚsta@n-e
Qods-e
Razµawi
Library,
no.
7481;
Kòa@qa@ni's
Kòatm
al-g@ara@÷eb
(Toháfat
al-¿era@qayn,
Austrian
National
Library
no.
3118;
FIGURE
2
and
FIGURE
3).
Figure
1A
Figure
1B
Figure
2
Figure
3
In
addition
to
this
general
flourishing
of
Islamic
culture
towards
the
end
of
the
12th
century,
there
was
also
an
increase
in
cultural
and
educational
activities
in
the
madrasas
of
Anatolia,
where
we
can
notice
the
appearance
of
libraries.
It
is
understood
that
the
madrasa
founded
by
ˆams-al-Din
Altun-Aba
in
1201
in
the
Saljuq
capital
of
Konya
included
a
library.
The
books
from
this
library
which
have
survived
to
the
present
day
were
kept
for
a
long
time
in
the
Yusuf
Ag¡a
Library
in
Konya
and
are
not
to
be
found
in
the
Konya
Manuscript
Works
Library.
Moreover,
we
know
of
a
number
of
libraries
in
Konya,
including
the
kòa@nega@h
of
the
Nezáa@miya
library,
established
in
1271
by
Abu
Sena@
Mahámud
b.
Mostawfi
Amir
al-H®a@jj,
the
small
mosque
complex
with
inn
and
public
kitchen
(¿ema@rat,
Turk.:
imaret)
founded
in
1274
by
Shaikh
Sáadr-al-Din
Qunawi,
the
Sáadr-al-Din
Qunawi
Library
in
which
autograph
MSS
of
Sáadr-al-Din
Qunawi
and
Moháyi-al-Din
Ebn
al-¿Arabi
(q.v.)
are
to
be
found,
and
the
Da@r
al-H®offa@zá
libraries
in
front
of
the
Ata@bekiya
Madrasa
established
by
Qutlu-Malak,
the
wife
of
Badr-al-Din
Mahámud,
the
descendant
of
Sera@j-al-Din
Ormavi
(Cunbur
1985,
pp.
713-14).
In
addition
to
the
Konya
libraries,
we
know
of
a
library
established
in
Uluborlu
by
the
Saljuq
sultan
¿Ala@÷-al-Din
Kayqoba@d
III
(r.
1284,
1293-94
and
1301-03).
Moreover,
there
existed
a
library
in
Kastamonu,
established
by
the
Ja@nda@r-og¡ullari
(Esfandia@r-og¡ullari)
inside
a
large
mosque
complex
in
the
14th
century
during
the
period
of
the
Anatolian
principalities
(beyliks).
If
we
consider
the
book-copying
activities
during
those
days,
we
can
conjecture
that
they
were
carried
out
in
the
libraries
of
the
madrasas
of
cities
such
as
Kayseri
and
Sivas.
Besides
these
waqf
(charitable
foundation)
libraries,
there
existed
also
private
libraries,
owned
by
certain
Saljuq
sultans
and
statesmen.The
transmission
of
Persian
culture
to
Anatolia
begun
with
the
foundation
of
the
Saljuq
state
in
the
12th
century
and
gained
speed
after
the
Mongol
invasion
of
Persia
in
the
13th
century.
Many
Persian
scholars,
writers,
and
poets
fled
to
the
empire
of
the
Saljuqs
of
Rum,
following
the
Mongol
onslaught
on
the
Iranian
lands.
These
highly
educated
men
played
an
important
role
in
the
revival
of
Persian
culture
and
literature,
which
had
begun
already
at
the
beginning
of
the
13th
century.
Subsequently,
many
works
in
Persian,
dealing
with
history,
literature,
philosophy
and
Sufism,
were
produced
in
Anatolia
in
the
13th
and
14th
centuries.
As
a
result,
Persian
became
the
language
of
instruction
at
several
madrasas,
and
Persian
words
were
often
used
for
place-names,
personal
names,
and
occupational
activities,
as
well
as
in
certain
religious,
legal,
and
official
records.
As
a
result
of
those
developments,
in
the
13th
century,
Anatolia
was
thus
intensively
influenced
by
Persian
culture.
Intellectual
life
developed
very
effectively
in
the
cities,
where
scholars
copied
or
created
religious
works.
One
of
the
most
important
centers
at
that
time
was
Konya,
the
flourishing
capital
of
the
Saljuqs
of
Rum
and
the
home
to
such
important
personalities
as
Sáadr-al-Din
Qunawi,
Mawla@na@
Jala@l-al-Din
Moháammad
Rumi,
and
SoltÂa@n
Walad.
Other
cities
in
Anatolia
too,
such
as
Aksaray,
Nig¡de,
Kayseri,
Ankara,
Kér¶ehir,
Tokat,
Amasya,
Sivas,
Erzurum,
Erzincan
and
Malatya,
were
significant
cultural
centers,
where
many
Persian
works
were
either
copied
or
created
during
the
13th
century.
These
activities
even
spread
across
the
frontier
regions
of
Anatolia
and
continued
also
in
the
central
Anatolian
cities
at
the
beginning
of
the
14th
century.
From
a
manuscript
kept
at
the
Veliyeddin
Efendi
Library
(no.
1819,
fols.
115b)
we
learn
that
Ebn
al-Fa@rezµ's
commentary,
which
had
been
written
in
Arabic,
was
subsequently
explained
in
the
Persian
in
order
to
be
understood
by
the
madrasa
students
in
the
city
of
Antalya
in
1323.
Another
work,
Mersáa@d
al-¿eba@d,
a
famous
exposition
of
Sufism,
written
in
the
13th
century
by
Najm-al-Din
Da@ya
(d.
1256),
was
copied
in
1352
in
the
mountainous
region
of
"Istinos"
(Korkuteli),
near
Antalya.
Jama@l-al-Din
Moháammad
b.
Moháammad
AÚqsara@÷i
(d.
ca.
1389)
explained
that
he
wrote
his
work,
As÷ela
wa
ajweba,
which
he
dedicated
to
H®a@ji
ˆa@dgeldi
(d.
1381-82),
the
governor
of
Amasya,
in
Persian
rather
than
Arabic
since
the
people
of
that
city
could
understand
it
more
easily
(Aya
Sofya,
no.
69;
Ria@hái,
p.
25).
Yusof
b.
Moháammad
b.
Ebra@him
noted
that
he
translated
for
the
western
Anatolian
ruler
Aydénog¡lu
¿Isa@
Beg
(r.
1360-90)
the
Arabic
book
entitled
Kaæf
al-asra@r
by
¿Abd-al-Sala@m
b.
Ahámad
GÚa@nem
(d.
1279-80)
into
Persian,
in
order
to
avoid
similar
difficulties
(Veliyeddin
Efendi,
no.
1630;
Ate¶
1945,
pp.
127-28;
Ria@hái,
pp.
25-26),
and
Ebra@him
b.
H®osayn
Qarsái,
translated
Heda@yat
al-g@abi
fi
akòla@q
al-Nabi
of
¿Abd-Alla@h
b.
Moháammad
b.
Ja¿far
into
Persian
with
the
same
concern
(Fatih,
no.
5426,
fols.
321a;
Ria@hái,
p.
25).
A
Persian
accounting
book,
entitled
Qa@nun
al-sa¿a@da,
was
copied
in
the
last
quarter
of
the
14th
century
in
Sinop,
a
city
on
the
Black
Sea,
and
thus
far
away
from
Central
Anatolia
(Tübingen,
Ms.
Or.
Oct.
2556).
Another
anonymous
work
in
Persian,
entitled
Resa@la-ye
jala@liya,
was
possibly
written
at
the
end
of
the
14th
century
in
Anatolia
(Ragép
Pa¶a,
no.
670,
fols.
246a-249b).The
books
which
were
brought
into
Anatolia
by
immigrant
writers
had
a
significant
effect
on
the
creation
of
the
extensive
corpus
of
Persian
MSS
kept
at
libraries
in
Turkey,
as
well
as
on
copying
and
writing
activities
in
Anatolia.
It
is
well-known
that
the
scholars
from
the
Iranian
and
Arab
lands,
who
fled
from
the
Mongols
into
Anatolia
during
the
13th
century,
took
a
considerable
number
of
books
with
them.
Moreover,
some
of
the
wandering
Turkish
dervishes,
roaming
in
Anatolia
and
spreading
a
popularized
version
of
Islam
among
the
still
numerous
Christians,
might
have
had
some
theological
books
written
in
Central
Asia
and
possibly
in
Khorasan.
Scholars
of
Persian
origin
who
had
emigrated
to
Anatolia
continued
their
activities
in
the
cities
of
their
new
home
(Aya
Sofya,
no.
3605),
and
many
of
them
stayed
in
contact
with
their
native
lands.
Students
of
the
scholars
active
in
Anatolia
generally
consisted
of
youngsters
from
princely
families
and
palace
officials
(Aya
Sofya,
no.
1670).
Widespread
scholarly
activities,
such
as
compilation,
translation,
research,
copying,
as
well
as
commerce,
created
a
favorable
environment
for
the
production
of
Persian
MSS
in
Anatolia,
which
was
directly
affected
by
Persian
culture
in
the
13th
and
14th
centuries.
The
Persian
manuscript
collections
that
are
kept
in
Turkish
libraries
today
are
essentially
the
result
of
the
activities
of
migrant
merchants
and
scholars.
During
the
period
of
the
Anatolian
beyliks,
following
the
collapse
of
the
Saljuq
State
in
the
14th
century,
the
Turkish
language
gained
gradually
in
importance,
and
consequently
the
influence
of
Persian
culture
and
language
weakened
in
Anatolia
to
a
certain
degree.
Turkish
had
emerged
as
a
written
language
even
in
the
frontier
cities
like
Gölháisáa@r
in
western
Anatolia,
as
texts
in
Persian
and
Arabic,
including
the
Arabic-Persian
thematic
dictionary
Keta@b
log@at
al-¿arabiya
al-motarjem
be÷l-fa@rsi
(auhtor
unknown;
see
Eski
og¡uzca
sözlük
bahsayi¶
lügat,
ed.
Fikret
Turan,
Istanbul,
2001)
originally
written
in
the
10th
century,
had
been
translated
into
Turkish.
This
dictionary,
in
turn,
was
translated
in
Gölháisáa@r
into
the
Oghuz
Turkic
dialect,
using
the
interlinear
method
under
the
name
of
a
certain
Aq-æehirlü
Bakòæa@yeæ
b.
Ùalija.
This
dictioanry
constitutes
a
clear
evidence
for
the
shift
of
preferences
from
Arabic
and
Persian
towards
Turkish
(Fatih,
no.
5178).
However,
the
Persian
language,
was
still
preferred
by
the
educated
classes
in
central
Anatolian
cities
where
Persian
cultural
influence
remained
strong
as
Saljuq
customs
had
been
preserved.
Therefore,
the
copying
and
creating
of
Persian
works
continued
in
central
Anatolian
cities
such
as
Konya,
Aksaray,
Kayseri,
Sivas,
Tokat,
and
Amasya
throughout
the
14th
and
the
first
part
of
the
15th
century.
Persian
MSS
in
Ottoman
libraries.
Although
we
possess
insufficient
information
on
the
first
Ottoman
libraries,
some
MSS
belonging
to
the
private
collections
of
Murad
(Mora@d)
I
(r.
1360-89)
and
Çelebi
Sultan
Mehmed
(Ùalabi
Soltáa@n
Moháammad,
Moháammad
I,
r.
1403-21)
have
survived
to
the
present
day.
It
is
remarkable
that
most
of
these
books
were
written
in
Arabic.
On
the
other
hand,
only
one
out
of
three
of
the
MSS
contained
in
the
private
library
of
Murad
II
(r.
1421
and
1446-51
[auhtor:
see
Bosworth,
The
New
Islamic
Dynasties,
p.
239])
is
in
Persian
(Topkapé
Sarayé
Müzesi
Library,
Revan
no.
1726).
The
MSS
belonging
to
the
private
library
of
Mehmed
II
(r.
1444-46
and
1451-81)
have
survived
in
large
numbers,
but
the
majority
of
the
collection
consists
of
Arabic
works
on
religious
subjects.
It
has
been
said
above
that,
due
to
the
advance
of
the
Arabic
and
Turkish
languages,
the
influence
of
the
Persian
language
declined
during
the
late
14th
and
early
15th
centuries,
which
coincided
with
the
initial
stages
of
the
Ottoman
Empire.
However,
the
Ottoman
sultans
paid
again
more
attention
to
Persian
during
the
reigns
of
Bayezid
(Ba@yazid)
II
(r.
1481-1512)
and
Selim
I
(r.
1512-20).
These
Ottoman
sultans
received
a
good
education
during
their
youth,
in
which
they
learned
Arabic
as
a
scientific
language
and
Persian
as
the
perfect
language
for
literary
expression.
As
a
result
many
of
the
subsequent
Ottoman
sultans,
too,
showed
an
interest
in
Persian
literature
and
even
wrote
Persian
poems
themselves.
Prince
Cem
Sultan
(Jam
Soltáa@n)
(d.
1495),
Selim
I,
Süleyman
(Solayma@n)
I
the
Magnificent
(r.
1520-66),
Prince
Bayezid
(d.
1562),
and
Murad
III
(r.
1574-95)
wrote
Persian
poetry,
collected
in
diva@ns
(poetry
collections),
which
have
survived
to
the
present
day
(Aydén,
pp.
45-56).
The
great
interest
shown
in
Persian
language
and
literature
by
the
Ottoman
sultans
resulted
in
the
collection
of
a
great
many
Persian
works
in
the
Ottoman
palace
library.
Most
of
them
are
in
the
fields
of
literature
and
history.
Mehmed
II
and
his
successor
Bayezid
II
carried
out
written
communication
with
¿Abd-al-Raháma@n
Ja@mi
(d.
1492),
the
pre-eminent
Persian
mystical
poet
of
that
era,
who
dedicated
his
Selselat
al-dòahab
to
Bayezid
II
(öir
Efendi,
no.
159),
which
led
to
his
great
fame
in
the
Ottoman
domains.
Original
and
invaluable
copies
of
the
works
of
Ja@mi
kept
in
Istanbul
libraries
prove
how
great
his
reputation
was
among
the
Ottomans.
No
other
Persian
poet
or
writer's
work
was
translated
and
copied
to
the
same
extent
as
that
of
Ja@mi
(FIGURE
4).
Figure
4A
Figure
4B
Mehmed
II
established
a
library
in
the
city
of
Manisa
during
his
youth
as
a
prince,
and
later
on
in
the
city
of
Edirne
during
the
initial
years
of
his
reign.
Following
the
conquest
of
Istanbul,
he
established
the
first
Ottoman
library
within
the
compound
of
the
'Old
Palace'.
This
library
was
later
moved
to
the
'New
Palace'.
The
Ottoman
sultans
established
a
considerable
number
of
libraries
as
charitable
foundations
(waqf),
which
existed
alongside
the
private
ones,
for
the
benefit
of
the
madrasa
students
and
the
public.
The
first
foundation
library
was
established
in
the
Eyüb
(Ayub)
Institution
following
the
conquest
of
the
city
of
Istanbul.
Another
library
on
a
small
scale
was
also
established
within
the
Zeyrek
madrasa
and
the
Shaikh
Vefa
(Wafa@)
Institution,
and
another
was
established
at
the
in
Aya
Sofya
(Hagia
Sophia),
which
was
converted
into
a
mosque
following
the
Ottoman
conquest.
The
MSS
kept
at
the
Aya
Sofya
and
Zeyrek
madrasas
were
transferred
to
the
Fatih
Institution
in
1471.
We
do
not
have
sufficient
information
about
the
MSS
of
the
first
libraries
established
in
Istanbul.
However,
such
libraries
would
almost
certainly
also
have
had
Persian
manuscripts
considering
the
cultural
attitudes
of
the
era
(Ünver,
1946,
pp.
15-16).Libraries
were
also
established
in
provincial
Ottoman
cities
such
as
Edirne,
Bursa,
Skopje
(formerly
Üsküp,
in
Macedonia),
Amasya,
Konya,
Afyon
and
Bey¶ehir
in
the
second
half
of
the
15th
century.
However,
such
libraries
belonged
to
madrasas,
which
were
engaged
mainly
in
the
teaching
of
religious
subjects,
and
therefore
most
of
their
MSS
were
written
in
Arabic.
A
large
number
of
Persian
MSS
prepared
for
the
private
libraries
of
Mehmed
II,
Bayezid
II,
Prince
Qorqud
(d.
1513),
the
unfortunate
highly
cultured
eldest
son
of
Bayezid
II,
and
Prince
Ahmed
(Ahámad),
brother
of
Qorqud
and
Selim,
have
survived
until
the
present
day
in
good
condition.
Bayezid
II
made
great
efforts
to
enrich
the
library
that
had
been
established
by
his
father
Mehmed
II
in
the
Topkapé
Palace
by
adding
to
it
MSS
dedicated
to
himself.
It
is
known
that
Prince
Qorqud,
himself
an
accomplished
scholar
and
poet,
also
owned
a
rich
personal
library.
There
exist
also
some
MSS
that
had
been
copied
for
the
private
libraries
of
Selim
I
and
his
son
Süleyman
the
Magnificent.
The
invaluable
MSS
that
are
kept
in
the
several
numerous
libraries
of
Istanbul
have
their
own
histories
as
well.
Unfortunately,
we
do
not
have
sufficient
information
about
their
origin.
Despite
a
few
pieces
of
research
evaluating
Istanbul
libraries,
the
adventures
which
these
books
must
have
undergone
are
still
unknown
to
us
today.
As
a
result
of
the
examinations
carried
out
on
MSS
kept
at
Istanbul
libraries,
it
can
be
affirmed
that
there
was
a
great
increase
in
the
number
of
works
copied
during
the
15th
and
16th
centuries
(Özgüdenli
and
Erdog¡an
2004,
pp.
63-84).
Most
of
these
MSS
were
copied
in
the
Iranian
lands
rather
than
in
the
Ottoman
regions.
Another
important
point
is
that
a
large
number
of
MSS
prepared
for
the
private
libraries
of
the
Il-khanids
(Raæid-al-Din
Fazµl-Alla@h,
GÚa@za@n
Khan),
AÚq
Qoyunlus
(H®asan
Beg,
Ya¿qub),
Timurids
(ˆa@hrokò,
Ba@ysong@ur,
H®osayn
Bayqara@,
Ulug@
Beg)
and
Safavids
(Esma@¿il
I,
T®ahma@sb
I,
¿Abba@s
I)
ended
up
in
the
Istanbul
libraries.
There
are
also
some
manuscript
collections
kept
in
Istanbul
libraries
that
had
been
originally
prepared
and
created
for
local
royalties
in
Persia.
Many
of
these
invaluable
MSS
might
have
been
sent
to
the
Ottoman
Palace
as
gifts.
However,
this
cannot
be
generalized
and
therefore
it
is
not
always
easy
to
explain
how
MSS
copied
in
some
Persian
or
Central
Asian
city,
such
as
Tabriz,
Shiraz,
Isfahan,
Yazd,
Herat
or
Bukhara,
have
made
their
way
to
the
libraries
of
Istanbul.
Their
fascinating
journey
has
not
yet
been
studied
extensively.
Determining
the
location
where
MSS
were
copied
is
rather
difficult
when
no
record
of
the
copy
is
contained
in
the
MSS
themselves.
The
following
figures
indicate
the
origin
of
the
Persian
MSS,
based
on
the
research
carried
out
in
Istanbul
libraries.
From
a
total
of
120
MSS,
73
(58%)
were
copied
in
areas
that
had
been
under
Persian
cultural
domination
(Persia,
Afghanistan,
Transoxiania,
and
India),
38
(30%)
were
copied
in
the
Turkish-dominated
areas
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
(Anatolia
and
parts
of
the
Balkans)
and
14
(11%)
in
Arabic-speaking
areas
(Iraq,
Syria
and
Arabian
Peninsula;
see
Özgüdenli
and
Erdog¡an
2004,
p.
74).
The
following
figures
refer
to
the
original
location
of
the
copy:
Istanbul
(16),
Shiraz
(12),
Tabriz
(7),
Herat
(6),
Baghdad
(5),
Yazd
(3),
Isfahan
(3),
Bukhara
(3),
Shirvan
(3)
and
Kerman
(2).
In
the
Istanbul
libraries,
there
are
many
MSS
attributed
to
famous
calligraphers,
aside
from
illuminated
MSS
with
miniatures.
In
this
regard,
we
may
mention
the
following:
SoltÂa@n-¿Ali
Maæhadi
(see
Eqba@l,
pp.
87-93),
Moháammad
Qawa@m
ˆira@zi
(Baya@ni,
III,
p.
815),
ˆa@h-
Mahámud
Niæa@buri
(Baya@ni,
I,
pp.
295-96),
Moháammad
H®osayn
Tabrizi
and
¿Ema@d
H®asani
(see
Istanbul
University
Library,
FY,
nos.
480,
497,
504,
1425-27,
1437;
Türk
ve
Islâm
Eserleri
Müzesi
Library,
no.
1913,
1940).
There
were
also
many
Arabic
MSS
kept
in
Turkish
libraries
written
and
copied
in
the
Iranian
lands
and
within
the
Persian
cultural
setting
(see
Arabic
majmu¿a
copied
in
the
Nezáa@miya
Madrasa
of
Nishapur
in
544/1149-50,
and
Kastamonu
City
General
Library,
no.
127).
The
question
is
how
these
MSS,
originally
belonging
to
the
Il-khanid,
AÚq
Qoyunlu
(qq.v.),
Timurid,
and
Safavid
dynasties,
reached
the
Ottoman
libraries.
A
significant
number
of
the
Persian
MSS
kept
in
Istanbul
libraries
was
obtained
over
the
course
of
several
centuries
during
Ottoman
military
campaigns.
As
a
result,
a
large
manuscript
collection
was
established
in
the
Topkapé
Palace.
It
consisted
mainly
of
books
obtained
from
newly
conquered
territories,
in
particular
from
Syria
and
Egypt,
which
had
been
conquered
in
the
early
16th
century,
during
the
reign
of
Selim
I.
Other
MSS
were
added
to
this
from
various
private
collections.
The
MSS
that
formerly
belonged
to
the
Mamluk
sultan
Qa@nsáawh
II
GÚawri
(r.
1501-17)
and
were
subsequently
kept
at
the
Istanbul
Libraries
(Topkapé
Palace
Library
Hazine,
no.
1519;
Süleymaniye
Library,
Reisülküttap,
no.
402)
may
be
cited
as
an
example
of
such
an
addition
by
conquest.
Moreover,
several
pieces
of
armour
belonging
to
AÚq
Qoyunlu
royalty,
as
well
as
some
private
written
correspondence
kept
at
the
Topkapé
Palace
Museum,
verify
that
valuable
items
were
seized
from
the
Qara
Qoyunlus,
AÚq
Qoyunlus,
and
Safavids
by
the
Ottomans
and
delivered
to
the
imperial
capital
Istanbul.
Additionally,
archival
documents
testify
that
in
1514,
after
the
battle
of
Ùa@ldera@n
(q.v.)
and
the
subsequent
occupation
of
Tabriz
by
the
Ottomans,
most
of
the
famous
local
artists
were
removed
to
Istanbul
by
the
order
of
Selim
I.
It
is
most
certain
that
a
great
number
of
invaluable
MSS
was
also
taken
to
Istanbul
along
with
other
items,
as
happened
in
the
case
of
Syria
and
Egypt.
There
exists
some
evidence
for
this
from
two
documents
kept
at
the
Istanbul
libraries.
The
first
one
is
a
copy
of
Ta@rikò-e
firuzæa@hi
by
H®a@ji
Moháammad
b.
H®a@ji
¿Ali
Big@a@mi,
by
the
hand
of
the
well-known
calligrapher
Moháammad
Qawa@m
Ka@teb
ˆira@zi,
written
for
the
private
library
of
Shah
T®ahma@sb
I
(r.
1524-76;
Aya
Sofya,
no.
3055;
FIGURE
5).
The
second
work
is
a
majmu¿a
kept
in
Istanbul÷s
Süleymaniye
Library,
which
was
previously
owned
by
Shah
Esma@¿il
I
(r.
1501-24,
q.v.),
the
founder
of
the
Safavid
empire
and
was
later
donated
by
Shah
¿Abba@s
I
(r.
1587-1629)
to
the
library
located
within
the
shrine
complex
of
Shaikh
Sáa@fi-al-Din
in
Ardabil
(Hekimog¡lu
Ali
Pa¶a,
no.
725).
The
black
paint
on
the
record
of
the
pious
foundation
(waqf)
of
¿Abba@s
I
is
very
interesting
(FIGURE
6).
The
aforementioned
two
MSS
are
evidence
of
the
acquisition
of
some
works
by
Ottoman
libraries
from
the
Safavid
palace
and
the
endowment
libraries
by
means
not
yet
identified.
It
is
likely
that
many
of
the
MSS
were
acquired
in
a
similar
way.
Figure
5
Figure
6
Most
of
the
Persian
MSS
kept
at
the
libraries
in
Istanbul
and
Anatolia
are
on
literary
topics.
The
most
popular
works
of
Persian
literature
in
the
Ottoman
lands
were
Persian
divans
of
Persian
and
Ottoman
poets.
On
the
basis
of
the
number
of
works
copied,
one
might
assume
that
Ja@mi
was
perhaps
the
most
popular
Persian
poet
in
Ottoman
court
circles.
History
books
such
as
the
Rawzµat
al-sáafa@
of
Mirkòúa@nd,
the
Tajziat
al-amsáa@r
wa
tazjiat
al-a¿sááa@r
of
ˆeha@b-al-Din
¿Abd-Alla@h
Wasásáa@f,
and
the
Haæt
beheæt
of
Edris
Bedlisi
(q.v.)
were
also
sought
for
(FIGURE
7
and
FIGURE
8).
Elegantly-styled
letters
were
the
third
most
popular
genre
after
literature
and
history
books.
The
most
popular
works
in
this
category
were
by
Raæid-al-Din
WatÂwa@t
(d.
1182-83),
the
chief
secretary
of
the
Kòúa@razmshahs.
Copying
of
Persian
books
for
the
private
libraries
of
Ottoman
sultans
decreased
gradually
after
the
16th
century,
while,
by
the
17th
century,
translation
activities
from
Persian
into
Ottoman-Turkish
had
steadily
increased
in
Anatolia.
Many
works,
including
the
aforementioned
Rawzµat
al-sáafa@
and
the
Tajziyat
al-amsáa@r,
were
translated
from
Persian
into
Turkish
for
Ottoman
readers.
The
following
first
decades
of
the
18th
century
may
even
be
defined
as
the
"golden"
period
of
the
Ottoman
libraries,
as
very
extensive
libraries,
such
as
Aya
Sofya,
Nuruosmaniye
and
‡ehit
Ali
Pa¶a,
were
founded
in
this
period
(see
Erünsal
1998,
pp.
19-29).Persian
MSS
preserved
in
the
Istanbul
libraries
were
classified
according
to
the
transcribers,
although
some
of
them
had
copied
more
than
one
or
two
works.
According
to
the
related
records
affixed
to
these
MSS,
transcribers
sometimes
copied
the
same
work
in
different
forms
(see
Özgüdenli
and
Ergog¡an
2004,
p.
72).
There
are
also
several
autographs
among
the
works
of
literature
and
history.
For
example,
at
the
libraries
of
Istanbul
there
are
works
by
the
hand
of
some
of
the
most
proficient
Persian
writers,
such
as
Abu'l-Fathá
Moháammad
b.
Ahámad
b.
Abi
Bakr
Ka@rta@ni,
Wasásáa@f,
H®a@fezá-e
Abru,
Ja@mi,
Edris
Bedlisi,
¿AtÂa@÷-Alla@h
b.
Fazµl-Alla@h
Jama@l
H®osayni,
H®asan
Beg
Rumlu,
Sáa@÷eb
Tabrizi,
Kama@l
b.
Jala@l
Monajjem
Yazdi,
and
Mirza@
H®abib
Esáfaha@ni.
Persian
MSS
in
the
the
libraries
of
modern
Turkey:
Turkish
libraries
possess
the
richest
collection
of
Islamic
MSS
in
the
world.
This
priceless
treasure
consists
of
approximately
250,000
MSS,
written
in
Arabic
(160,000),
Ottoman-Turkish
(70,000)
and
Persian
(13,000).
Their
total
number
could
well
reach
up
to
600,000.
To
this
we
have
to
add
the
majmu¿as
and
thousands
of
pamphlets
and
reports
that
are
preserved
in
archives,
as
well
as
the
MSS
in
private
collections.
Approximately
220,000
volumes
of
those
MSS
are
kept
in
the
libraries
and
museums
of
the
Turkish
Ministry
of
Culture.
Although
there
are
still
no
systematic
catalogues,
it
is
nevertheless
possible
to
say
that
only
6-7
percent
of
those
MSS
are
in
Persian.
They
are,
however,
far
more
significant
in
terms
of
their
age,
originality,
and
value
as
pieces
of
art
rather
than
their
sheer
number.
Most
of
the
MSS
in
Turkish
libraries
fall
into
the
categories
of
Persian
language,
literature,
history,
and
culture.
Their
distribution
as
per
cities
and
libraries
is
as
follows:A.
Manuscript
collections
of
the
Istanbul
libraries.
Approximately
146,000
MSS
out
of
the
total
number
of
250,000
MSS
kept
in
the
Turkish
libraries
are
in
Istanbul.
Accordingly,
it
is
safe
to
state
that
Istanbul
is
the
host
of
the
largest
collection
of
Islamic
MSS
in
the
world.
Figure
7
Figure
8A
Figure
8B
The
Süleymaniye
Library
holds
the
first
rank
(FIGURE
9
and
FIGURE
10),
with
its
total
number
of
67,571
MSS,
of
which
some
belong
to
endowment
(waqf)
collections
(50,006
Arabic;
11,978
Ottoman-Turkish;
3,544
Persian;
81
in
other
languages).
The
other
libraries
and
institutions
follow
accordingly:
Istanbul
University
Library
with
18,602
MSS
(9,943
Ottoman-Turkish;
6,963
Arabic;
1,615
Persian),
Turkish
Islamic
Works
Museum
Library
16,381
MSS
(15,858
Arabic;
359
Turkish;
164
Persian),
Topkapé
Palace
Museum
Library
with
13,073
MSS
(9,043
Arabic;
3,090
Turkish;
940
Persian),
Bayezét
Devlet
Library
with
11,120
MSS
(9,107
Arabic;
1,569
Turkish;
443
Persian),
Millet
Library
with
8,765
MSS
(5,728
Arabic;
2,528
Turkish;
509
Persian),
Nuruosmaniye
Library
with
5,052
MSS
(3,667
Arabic;
919
Turkish;
466
Persian),
Istanbul
City
Municipality
Atatürk
Library
with
4,138
MSS
(3,836
Turkish,
258
Arabic;
44
Persian),
Köprülü
Library
with
3,790
MSS
(3,284
Arabic,
390
Turkish,
139
Persian),
Atéf
Efendi
Library
with
3,228
MSS
(2,615
Arabic;
518
Turkish;
95
Persian),
Hacé
Selimag¡a
Library
with
2,952
MSS
(2,226
Arabic;
595
Turkish;
131
Persian),
Murad
Molla
Library
with
2,337
MSS
(2,129
Arabic;
126
Turkish;
82
Persian),
the
library
of
Istanbul÷s
Archeological
Museum
with
2,116
MSS
(1,304
Turkish;
633
Arabic;
179
Persian),
Yapé
Kredi
Cultural
Center
Sermet
Çifter
Library
with
1,171
MSS
(totally
works
1,761:
1,389
Turkish;
274
Persian;
98
Arabic),
and
Ragép
Pa¶a
Library
with
1,274
MSS
(1,165
Arabic;
68
Turkish;
41
Persian).
Figure
9A
Figure
9B
Figure
10
B.
Manuscript
collections
of
the
libraries
in
Anatolia.
Approximately
104,000
MSS
are
kept
in
Anatolian
libraries.
Among
them,
the
libraries
of
Ankara,
Turkey's
capital
city,
comes
first
with
a
total
of
approximately
38,000
MSS.
The
distributions
is
as
follows:
Ankara
University
School
of
Language,
History
and
Geography
Library
15,059
MSS
(8,084
Arabic;
5,801
Turkish;
926
Persian),
National
Library
8,813
MSS,
Ankara
City
Adnan
Ötüken
Public
Library
5,259
MSS
(2,640
Arabic;
1,300
Persian;
1,252
Turkish;
67
in
other
languages),
Department
of
Religious
Affairs
Library
4,800
MSS,
and
Ankara
University
School
of
Theology
Library
approximately
2,000
MSS.The
libraries
situated
in
the
central
Antolian
city
of
Konya
contain
approximately
15,000
MSS.
Important
manuscript
libraries
are
the
following:
Yusuf
Ag¡a
Library
5,142
MSS
(4,656
Arabic;
375
Turkish;
109
Persian;
2
in
other
languages),
City
Municipality
Koyunog¡lu
Museum
and
Library
4,468
MSS
(2,112
Turkish;
2,060
Arabic;
296
Persian),
Regional
Manuscript
Library
3,363
MSS
(3,053
Arabic;
529
Turkish;
75
Persian;
6
in
other
languages),
and
Mevlânâ
Museum
Specialist
Library
2,298
MSS.
Other
Anatolian
cities
holding
significant
numbers
of
Persian
MSS
are:
the
libraries
in
Bursa
13,875
MSS
(11,155
Arabic,
1,315
Turkish;
405
Persian),
the
Manisa
City
Public
Library
5,144
MSS
(4,201
Arabic;
672
Turkish;
271
Persian),
the
Kastamonu
City
Public
Library
4,256
MSS
(3,439
Arabic;
660
Turkish;
157
Persian),
the
Public
Library
of
Çorum
City
3,494
MSS
(2,891
Arabic;
555
Turkish;
48
Persian),
the
Selimiye
Library
of
the
city
of
Edirne,
in
European
Turkey,
3,309
MSS
(2,701
Arabic;
469
Turkish;
125
Persian,
14
in
other
languages).
The
National
Library
of
Izmir,
in
Anatolia,
3,052
MSS
(1,423
Arabic;
1,439
Turkish;
190
Persian),
Kütahya
Vahid
Pa¶a
City
Public
Library
3,086
MSS
(2,473
Arabic;
420
Turkish;
192
Persian;
1
in
another
language),
Diyarbakér
City
Public
Library
3,001
MSS
(1,629
Arabic;
1,321
Turkish;
51
Persian),
Burdur
City
Public
Library
has
2,312
MSS
(2,027
Arabic;
232
Turkish;
57
Persian).
Finally,
there
is
also
the
Kayseri
City
Râ¶id
Efendi
Library
with
1,965
MSS
(1,587
Arabic;
283
Turkish;
95
Persian)
and
many
official
and
privately-owned
libraries.
To
this
one
should
add
the
libraries
in
Cyprus,
outside
Turkey,
which
contain
an
important
collection
of
2,255
MSS
(1,948
Arabic;
211
Turkish;
96
Persian).
C.
Catalogue
studies.
Initial
researches
on
the
cataloguing
of
the
MSS
kept
in
Turkish
libraries
began
in
the
second
half
of
the
19th
century.
The
first
collective
catalogue
was
prepared
in
handwriting
between
1851
and
1854
in
order
to
determine
the
numbering
of
the
MSS
kept
in
the
Istanbul
libraries.
The
library
regulation
prepared
by
Münif
Pa¶a
contains
some
provisions
regarding
the
preparation
of
an
index
(defter)
for
MSS.
'The
Index
of
Ragép
Pa¶a
Library'
(Ragép
Pa¶a
Kütüphânesi
fihristi)
was
published
in
1868,
based
on
the
earlier
handwritten
index
prepared
by
¿Abdu÷r-rahman
Nacim
(¿Abd-al-Raháma@n
Najim)
in
1279
/1862-63.
A
commission
was
established
between
1884
and
1885.
It
consisted
of
Tahsin
(Tahásin)
Efendi,
Selim
Sabit
Efendi,
Ahmed
Hamdi
(Ahámad
Háamdi),
Mustafa
(Mosátáafa@)
Efendi,
Aristokrit
Efendi
in
order
to
prepare
the
indexes
for
the
Istanbul
libraries
during
the
reign
of
Sultan
¿Abdü'l-Hamid
(¿Abd-al-Háamid)
II
(r.
1876-1909).
Based
on
the
researches
of
this
commission,
the
work
known
as
'Indices
of
the
H®amidian
Period'
(Devr-i
háamidi
fihristleri)
was
published,
which
arranged
the
MSS
kept
in
64
Istanbul
libraries
in
terms
of
their
subjects
into
forty
books
(see
Turgut
Kut,
pp.
221-27).
A
report
prepared
by
Ahmed
Zeki
Bey
(later
Pasha)
(1867-1934),
second
secretary
to
the
Egyptian
prime
minister
and
himself
an
eminent
scholar,
regarding
the
preparation
of
general
indices
was
presented
to
the
Ottoman
grand
vizier
in
1909.
In
this
report,
deficiencies
of
the
previous
indexes
were
indicated,
along
with
a
detailed
description
regarding
the
future
preparation
of
indexes.
The
work
consists
of
twenty-one
articles
which
examine
the
preparation
methods
of
indexes
in
detail.
Shortly
after
this
report,
Ahmed
Muhtar
(Mokòta@r)
Bey,
Inspector
of
the
Ministry
of
Endowment
(waqf)
Estates,
was
appointed
to
prepare
a
collective
catalogue
of
the
Istanbul
endowment
libraries.
However,
nothing
serious
came
out
of
this
project.
Following
the
foundation
of
the
Republic
of
Turkey,
the
preparation
of
the
manuscript
catalogues
was
resumed
and
a
classification
committee
was
established
in
1927.
However,
the
activities
of
this
committee
continued
for
only
six
months,
but
led,
in
1933,
to
the
formation
of
a
second
classification
committee,
led
by
the
late
German
scholar
Hellmut
Ritter,
which
published
later
The
Catalogues
of
Turkish
Manuscripts
(referring
to
those
kept
in
the
Istanbul
libraries).
The
first
scientific
and
systematic
catalogue
in
seven
volumes
of
the
Ottoman-Turkish,
Persian
and
Arabic
MSS
in
the
Topkapé
Palace
Library
was
published
between
1961
and
1969
by
Fehmi
Edhem
Karatay,
who
had
studied
library
science
in
France.
The
Persian
section
of
this
catalogue
includes
and
introduces
940
unique
and
important
MSS.
The
catalogue
of
the
Köprülü
Library,
which
houses
one
of
most
the
important
Islamic
MSS
collections
in
the
world,
was
prepared
by
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
Cevat
Ëzgi
and
Cemil
Akpénar
and
was
published
in
1986.
The
Persian
MSS
catalogue
of
Istanbul
University
was
published
by
Tawfiq
Ha@æempur
Sobháa@ni
and
H®osa@m-al-Din
AÚqsu/Hüsamettin
Aksu
in
1995
in
Tehran.
Since
the
beginning
of
the
1980s,
several
systematic
catalogues
and
related
studies
have
been
published
by
the
Research
Center
for
Islamic
History,
Art
and
Culture
(IRCICA)
at
Istanbul,
an
institution
affiliated
to
the
Organization
of
the
Islamic
Conference
(OIC).
They
provide
a
good
introduction
to
the
manuscripts
kept
at
the
Istanbul
libraries,
focusing
especially
on
Ottoman
science
literature.
Of
special
relevance
are
the
following:
"The
Catalogue
of
Islamic
Medical
Manuscripts
in
Turkey"
(1984),
"History
of
Ottoman
Astronomy
Literature"
(I-II,
1997),
"History
of
Ottoman
Mathematics
Literature"
(I-II,
1999),
"History
of
Ottoman
Geography
Literature"
(I-II,
2000),
"History
of
Ottoman
Music
Literature"
(2003),
and
"History
of
Ottoman
Military
Literature"
(I-II,
2004)
(for
the
original
titles
of
these
books
see
Bibliography
(General
Studies)).
A
few
systematic
catalogues
that
have
been
published
for
MSS
are
kept
at
the
Anatolian
libraries
that
are
affiliates
of
Istanbul
libraries.
Initial
researches
regarding
this
subject
were
introduced
at
the
22nd
International
Congress
of
Orientalists
held
in
Istanbul
in
1951.
Subsequently,
booklists
of
the
respective
inventories
of
some
Anatolian
libraries,
such
as
those
in
Bursa,
Kayseri,
Ak¶ehir,
Bolu,
Gül¶ehir,
Nev¶ehir,
Nig¡de,
Ürgüp,
Konya,
Manisa,
and
Akhisar,
were
prepared.
The
Persian
MSS
catalogue
of
the
Konya
Mevlânâ
Museum
Library,
for
instance,
has
been
prepared
by
Abdülbâkî
Gölpénarlé
(1900-82,
q.v.)
in
four
volumes.
Gölpénarlé
had
also
prepared
the
subject
catalogue
of
the
MSS
belonging
to
this
museum
and
of
the
endowment
MSS,
which
was
eventually
published
in
two
volumes
in
2003,
more
than
20
years
after
his
death.
The
calalogues
of
Persian
MSS
kept
at
the
Manisa
and
Bursa
libraries
have
been
published
by
Tawfiq
H.
Sobháa@ni
in
Tehran
in
Persian
language
(in
1987
and
1989,
respectively).
More
catalogues
of
MSS-collections
of
libraries
in
Istanbul
and
Anatolia
have
been
published
in
recent
years.
Among
them
are
the
following:
Râ¶id
Efendi
Library
in
Kayseri
(I,
1982;
I-II,
1995),
Department
of
Religious
Affairs
Library
(I-II,
1988-94),
National
Library
in
Izmir
(I-IV,
1992-97),
Atatürk
Library
in
Istanbul
(1989-2001),
Emel
Esin
Library
(1995),
Sadberk
Haném
Museum
Library
(1997),
Koyunog¡lu
Library
(1997),
Military
Museum
Library
(1998),
Turkish
Language
Association
Library
(1999),
and
Yapé
Kredi
Sermet
Çifter
Research
Library
(2001).
However,
it
has
to
be
noted
that
some
of
those
catalogues
mentioned
have
not
been
prepared
in
accordance
with
modern
scholarly
standards,
because
of
a
lack
of
qualified
personnel.
Moreover,
some
of
those
studies
are
based
on
wrong
and
insufficient
information,
and
some
catalogues
do
not
have
even
basic
indexes.
Therefore,
the
problems
surrounding
the
quality
of
the
available
catalogues
are
among
the
major
obstacles
for
scholars
working
on
MSS
in
Turkey.
D.
Selective
catalogues
and
reviews
of
manuscripts.
Some
selective
catalogues
and
introductory
studies,
written
on
MSS
in
general
or
for
private
purposes,
play
an
important
role
for
the
identification
of
the
MSS
in
Istanbul.
Generally
speaking,
since
the
middle
of
the
19th
century,
Western
scholars
had
been
aware
of
the
importance
of
the
Islamic
MSS
in
the
libraries
of
Istanbul.
Some
of
those
MSS
have
been
the
subject
of
a
number
of
articles
since
those
days.
The
first
scholarly
study
on
the
Persian
MSS
in
Istanbul
libraries
was
carried
out
by
Paul
Horn
in
1900.
The
Persian
historical
MSS
in
the
Istanbul
libraries
were
introduced
by
Felix
Tauer
between
1931
and
1932
in
a
series
of
five
articles
(see
Bibliography).
In
1956,
in
anticipation
of
the
2,500th
anniversary
of
the
foundation
of
the
Persian
monarchy,
a
commission
consisting
of
Helmut
Ritter,
Herbert
W.
Duda,
and
Ahmed
Ate¶
was
established
by
UNESCO
to
prepare
a
catalogue
of
the
Persian
poetry
MSS
kept
in
the
Istanbul
libraries.
The
first
part
of
this
catalogue
was
prepared
by
Ate¶
(d.
1966),
listing
Persian
MSS
in
the
Nuruosmaniye
and
Istanbul
University
libraries
(Ate¶,
1968).
Persian
MSS
written
in
verse
and
kept
at
the
Esad
Efendi
Library
have
been
introduced
by
Duda
within
the
same
project
(Duda,
1964).
Persian
poetry
MSS
belonging
to
the
Ismail
Saib
Sencer
and
Raif
Yelkenci
collections
of
the
Ankara
University
School
of
Language,
History
and
Geography
have
been
the
subject
of
an
unpublished
MA
thesis
by
Filiz
Ëmecik
in
1966
and
those
at
the
Aya
Sofya
Library
were
studied
by
Fatemeh
Mohadjeri
as
a
Ph.D.
dissertation
(1973).
The
catalogue
of
Persian
poetry
MSS
in
the
Fatih
Library,
prepared
by
Ritter
(d.
1971),
was
published
after
his
death
(Ritter
1986).
Arabic
and
Persian
anonymous
enæa@
collections
(MSS
collections
of
letters,
documents
or
state
papers)
kept
in
Istanbul
libraries
have
been
introduced
by
Jürgen
Paul
(Paul
1994).
Along
with
the
introductory
reviews
already
mentioned,
there
are
studies
that
are
more
specialized.
Ritter,
for
instance,
has
made
important
contributions
introducing
several
Arabic
and
Persian
MSS
of
the
Istanbul
and
Anatolian
libraries.
Some
of
his
articles
under
the
title
of
"Philologika"
were
reproduced
by
Fuad
Sezgin
(in
Beiträge
II,
pp.
1-682).
Ate¶,
too,
has
made
significant
contributions
in
this
field.
Subsequently,
Turkish
and
Iranian
scholars,
such
as
Zeki
Velidî
Togan,
Süheyl
Ünver,
Mojtaba@
Minovi,
Adnan
Sadék
Erzi,
Tahsin
Yazécé,
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
Orhan
Bilgin,
Günay
Kut,
Mikâil
Bayram,
and
Tawfiq
Ha@æempur
Sobháa@ni,
contributed
other
important
articles.
E.
The
project
of
the
"Collective
Catalogue
of
MSS
in
Turkey"
(Türkiye
Yazmalaré
Toplu
Katalog¡u,
'TüYATOK').
A
long-term
project
was
commenced
in
1978
by
the
Ministry
of
Cultural
Affairs
in
order
to
publish
the
"Collective
Catalogue"
of
Islamic
MSS
in
Turkey.
It
progressed
rather
slowly
due
to
an
insufficient
number
of
qualified
personnel
and
financial
limitations.
So
far,
it
has
published
twenty-six
volumes
of
catalogues,
introducing
28,182
MSS
(about
11%
the
total
number),
which,
together
with
3,384
MSS
listed
in
the
National
Library
Catalogue
(6
vols.,
Ankara,
1987-2001),
brings
the
total
number
of
catalogued
MSS
to
31,566.Many
of
those
manuscript-libraries
that
have
yet
not
been
included
in
scholarly
catalogues
have,
nevertheless,
some
inventory
records
and
basic
indexes.
Such
records,
however,
are
in
many
cases
insufficient
and
suffering
from
various
other
defects,
which
often
make
them
of
little
use
to
the
researcher.
Although
many
of
the
un-catalogued
libraries
do
not
have
a
systematic
inventory,
researchers
are
often
able
to
have
access
to
the
MSS
or
use
the
microfilms
and
CDs
in
the
Istanbul
libraries.
However,
it
can
be
very
difficult
to
use
the
libraries
in
Anatolia
and
to
obtain
microfilms
and
CDs
from
them.
The
case
is
similar
is
the
case
with
regard
to
the
preservation
and
restoration
of
the
MSS.
F.
Computer-supported
programs.
With
the
admittance
of
a
project
presented
to
the
Fund
for
National
Promotion
of
the
Prime
Ministry
in
1998,
the
cataloguing
and
computerizing
of
15,059
MSS
(some
30,000
works)
in
the
Library
of
the
School
of
Language,
History
and
Geography
of
Ankara
University
commenced
in
May
1999.
As
part
of
the
project,
the
bibliographical
preparation
works
have
been
continued
and
information
from
library-cards
is
currently
being
transferred
to
computers.
The
long-term
objective
is
to
provide
scholars
with
internet-access
to
MSS
and
bibliographical
records
(Atélgan,
pp.
158-59).
Despite
all
those
efforts,
only
a
small
number
of
Islamic
MSS
in
the
Turkish
libraries
could
have
been
processed.
Many
of
the
Turkish
libraries
lack
a
systematic
catalogue.
Moreover,
some
of
the
invaluable
libraries
have
not
prepared
identification
cards.
In
many
of
those
libraries
researchers
still
have
to
refer
to
the
library
registers
designed
during
the
Ottoman
era.
Since
there
does
yet
not
exist
a
collective
catalogue
covering
all
of
the
Istanbul
libraries,
it
is
at
present
impossible
for
the
scholar
to
make
sufficient
use
of
such
invaluable
works
of
art.
A
steady
progress
of
the
computerization-project
is
therefore
highly
desirable.
Bibliography:
Primary
sources
(MSS):
AÚsta@n-e
Qods-e
Razµawi
Library,
no.
7481
(Bal¿ami's
tr.
of
T®abari's
ta÷rikò
rosol
wa'l-moluk;
facs.
ed.,
published
in
Bonya@d-e
Fahang-e
Iran.
Selsela-ye
¿aks-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi
3,
Tehran,
1966).
Atéf
Efendi
Library,
Eki,
no.
1316.
Cambridge
University
Library,
Browne
MS.,
V.
28(8)
(microfilm
in
Tehran
University
Library,
F.
850).
Istanbul
University
Library,
FY,
no.
251,
497,
504,
480,
1243,
1425,
1426,
1427,
1437.
Köprülü
Library,
no.
1241.
Nuruosmaniye
Library,
no.
3173,
3207,
3267.
Süleymaniye
Library:
öir
Efendi,
no.
159;
Aya
Sofya,
no.
69,
405,
1670,
2984,
3035,
3050,
3055,
3190,
3227,
3605;
Damad
Ëbrahim
Pa¶a,
no.
901;
Fatih,
no.
4281,
4518,
5178,
5426;
Hekimo@g¡lu
Ali
Pa¶a,
no.
725;
Ragép
Pa¶a,
no.
670;
Reisülküttap,
no.
402.
Topkapé
Sarayé
Müzesi
Library:
Hazine,
no.
672,
1519,
1654;
Revan,
no.
1726.
Tübingen,
Ms.
Or.
Oct.
2556
(microfilm
in
Tehran
University
Library,
F.
2862).
Türk
ve
Ëslâm
Eserleri
Müzesi
Library,
no.
1913,
1923,
1940,
1954,
1964,
2041,
2042.
Veliyeddin
Efendi
Library,
no.
1630,
1819.
Catalogues:
Askeri
Müze
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
1998.
Ësmail
Bakar,
Sadberk
Haném
Müzesi
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u.
Hüseyin
Kocaba¶
koleksiyonu,
Istanbul,
1997.
Nail
Bayraktar,
Atatürk
Kitaplég¡é
Osman
Ergin
yazma
kitaplaré
listesi,
Istanbul,
1989.
Idem,
Atatürk
Kitaplég¡éna
yeni
bag¡é¶lanan
yazma
kitaplarén
alfabetik
katalog¡u
I-II,
Istanbul,
1991-94.
Idem,
Atatürk
Kitaplég¡é
Osman
Ergin
yazmalaré
alfabetik
katalog¡u
I-III,
Istanbul,
1993-2001.
Idem,
Atatürk
Kitaplég¡é
belediye
yazmalaré,
Cevdet
Pa¶a
yazmalaré
ve
Kur'ân-é
Kerimler
alfabetik
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
1997.
Idem,
Atatürk
Kitaplég¡é
Muallim
Cevdet
yazmalaré
alfabetik
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
1998.
Abdullah
Ceylan,
Diyanet
˶leri
Ba¶kanlég¡é
Kütüphanesi
el
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u
I-II,
Ankara,
1988-92.
M.
Cunbur,
D.
Kaya,
N.
Ünver
and
H.
Yélmaz,
Türk
Dil
Kurumu
Kütüphanesi
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u,
Ankara,
1999.
Y.
Dag¡lé
et
al.,
Yapé
Kredi
Sermet
Çifter
Ara¶térma
Kütüphanesi
yazmalar
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
2001.
Muammer
Dizer,
Kandilli
Rasathanesi
Kitaplég¡é
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u
I,
Istanbul,
1973.
Mehmet
Eminog¡lu,
Koyunog¡lu
Müze
ve
Kütüphanesi
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u
I,
Konya,
1997.
Abdülbâkî
Gölpénarlé,
Mevlânâ
Müzesi
Kütüphanesi
yazmalaré
katalog¡u
I-IV,
Ankara,
1967-94.
Idem,
Mevlânâ
Müzesi
müzelik
yazma
kitaplar
katalog¡u,
Ankara,
2003.
Idem,
Mevlânâ
Müzesi
Abdülbaki
Gölpénarlé
Kütüphanesi
yazmalar
katalog¡u,
Ankara,
2003.
Ali
Réza
Karabulut,
Kayseri
Râ¶id
Efendi
Eski
Eserler
Kütüphanesindeki
türkçe,
farsça
ve
arapça
yazmalar
katalog¡u
I-II,
2nd
ed.,
Kayseri,
1995.
Fehmi
Edhem
Karatay,
Topkapé
Sarayé
Müzesi
Kütüphanesi
farsça
yazmalar
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
1961.
Millî
Kütüphane
yazmalar
katalog¡u
I-VI,
Ankara,
1987-2001.
Mine
Esiner
Özen,
Dr.
Emel
Esin
Kütüphanesi
katalog¡u
(yazmalar
eserler),
Istanbul,
1995.
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
Cevat
Ëzgi
and
Cemil
Akpénar,
Köprülü
Kütüphanesi
yazmalar
katalog¡u
I-III,
Istanbul,
1986.
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
M.
H.
Altan
and
Cevat
Ëzgi,
Kébrés
Ëslâm
yazmalaré
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
1995.
Réfké
Seven,
Kandilli
Rasathanesi
Kitaplég¡é
yazma
yapétlar
katalog¡u
II,
Istanbul,
1977.
Süleymaniye
Kütüphanesi
Nuri
Arlasez
koleksiyonu
yazmalar
indeks
katalog¡u,
Istanbul,
1991.
Tawfiq
H.
Sobháa@ni,
Fehrest-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
fa@rsi-e
keta@b-kòa@na-ye
Mag@nisa@,
Tehran,
1987.
Idem,
Fehrest-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
fa@rsi-e
keta@b-kòa@na-ye
Bursa,
Gila@n
University
Publication,
n.
p.,
1989.
Idem,
and
H®osa@m-al-Din
AÚqsu
[Hüsamettin
Aksu],
Fehrest-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
fa@rsi-e
Da@neæga@h-e
Esta@nbul,
Tehran,
1995.
Ali
Yardém,
Ëzmir
Millî
Kütüphanesi
yazma
eserler
katalog¡u
(arapça-farsça
yazmalar)
I-IV,
Izmir,
1992-97.
Türkiye
yazmalaré
toplu
katalog¡u
I,
Ankara,
1979
(Anétkabir,
the
Presidency
of
Republic,
the
Turkish
National
Assembly
and
Adéyaman
Public
Library:
286
MSS);
II,
Ankara,
1980
(Giresun,
Ordu
and
Rize
Public
Libraries:
619
MSS);
III
(34/I),
Ankara,
1981
(Süleymaniye
Library,
Ali
Nihat
Tarlan
collection:
425
MSS);
IV-VIII
(07/I-V),
Istanbul,
1982-84
(Antalya
and
its
districts:
Antalya
City
Museum,
Alanya
District
Museum,
Akseki
Yeg¡en
Mehmed
Pa¶a
Library,
Elmalé
District
Public
Library,
and
Tekeli
District
Public
Library:
4,042
MSS);
IX
(34/II),
Ankara,
1984
(Istanbul
Bayezid
State
Library,
Merzifonlu
Kara
Mustafa
Pa¶a
collection:
467
MSS);
X-XII
(05/I-III),
Ankara,
1985-86
(Adana
Public
Library
and
Museum:
2,592
MSS);
XIII
(34/III),
Ankara,
1987
(Istanbul
Süleymaniye
Library,
Amca-zâde
Hüseyin
Pa¶a
and
Chief
Physician
Musa
Nazif
Efendi
collections:
630
MSS);
XIV-XVIII
(05/I-V),
Istanbul,
1990-95,
Ankara,
2002
(Amasya
Beyazét
City
Public
Library:
4,184
MSS);
XIX
(34/IV),
Ankara,
1994
(Istanbul
Süleymaniye
Library,
Mustafa
öir
Efendi
Collection:
1,155
MSS);
XX
(03),
Ankara,
1996
(Afyon
Gedik
Ahmed
Pa¶a
City
Public
Library,
Afyon
City
Museum,
and
Dinar
District
Museum:
1,185
MSS);
XXI
(10),
Ankara,
1997
(Balékesir
City
Public
Library,
Dursunbey
District
Public
Library,
and
Edremit
District
Public
Library:
1,246
MSS);
XXII
(18),
Ankara,
1998
(Çankéré
City
Public
Library,
Manuscripts
Catalogue:
599
MSS);
XXIII-XXIV
(15/I-II),
Ankara,
2000
(Burdur
City
Public
Library
Manuscripts
Cata
logue:1,687
MSS);
XXV
(32),
Ankara,
1994
(Isparta
City
Manuscripts
Catalogues:
Halil
Hamit
Pa¶a
Public
Library,
Uluborlu
Alaaddin
Keykubat
District
Public
Library,
‡a
rkikaraag¡aç
District
Public
Library,
Sinirkent
District
Public
Library,
Aydog¡mu¶
District
Public
Library:
1,629
MSS);
XXVI,
Ankara,
2003
(Eski¶ehir
City
Public
Library:
1,128
MSS)
(the
numbers
in
parantheses,
which
follow
the
volume
numbers,
refer
to
the
code
of
the
respective
city).
Selected
catalogues
and
reviews
of
MSS.
Hüsamettin
Aksu,
"Ëstanbul
Üniversitesi
Kütüphanesi'nde
bulunan
minyatürlü,
resimli,
¶ekilli,
cedvelli,
plân
ve
haritalé
türkçe-arapça-farsça
yazmalar,"
Ëstanbul
Üniversite
edebiyat
fakültesi
[ËÜEF]
sanat
tarihi
yéllég¡é
13,
1988,
pp.
19-62.
Ahmed
Ate¶,
"Hicrî
VI-VIII.
(XII-XIV.)
asérlarda
Anadolu'da
farsça
eserler,"
Türkiyat
mecmuasé
7-8,
1945,
pp.
94-135.
Idem,
"Burdur-Antalya
ve
havalisi
kütüphanelerinde
bulunan
türkçe,
arapça
ve
farsça
bazé
mühim
eserler,"ËÜEF
Türk
dili
ve
edebiyaté
sergisi
2/3-4,
1948,
pp.
171-91
(rev.
by
A.
S.
Erzi,
Belleten
13/49,
1949,
pp.
163-80).
Idem,
"Kastamonu
Genel
Kitaplég¡énda
bulunan
bazé
mühim
arapça
ve
farsça
yazmalar,"
Oriens
5/1,
1952,
pp.
28-46.
Idem,
"Konya
kütüphanelerinde
bulunan
bazé
mühim
yazmalar,"
Belleten
16/61,
1952,
pp.
49-130.
Idem,
"Anadolu
kütüphanelerinden
mühim
yazma
eserler
(Amasya),"
Tarih
vesikalaré
1/16,
1955,
pp.
1-32.
Idem,
"Anadolu
kütüphanelerinden
bazé
mühim
türkçe
el
yazmalaré,"
ËÜEF
Türk
dili
ve
edebiyaté
dergisi
8,
1958,
pp.
90-108.
Idem,
"al-MakòtÂutÂa@t
al-¿Arabiya
fi
maktaba@t
al-Ana@dul
I:
MakòtÂutÂa@t
men
al-Maktaba@t
Mag@nisa@
al-¿omumiya,"
Revue
de
I'Institut
des
Manuscrits
Arabes
4,
1958,
pp.
1-42.
Idem,
"Raæid-al-Din
VatÂva@tÂ'én
eserlerinin
bazé
yazma
nüshalaré,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
10/14,
1959,
pp.
1-24.
Idem,
"Çorum
ve
Yozgat
kütüphanelerinden
bazé
mühim
arapça
yazmalar,"
Ëslâm
ilimleri
enstitüsü
dergisi
1,
1959,
pp.
47-78.
Idem,
Ëstanbul
kütüphanelerinde
farsça
manzum
eserler
I,
(Üniversite
ve
Nuruosmaniye
Kütüphaneleri),
ed.
Nihad
M.
Çetin,
Istanbul,
1968.
Kemal
Çég¡,
"Türk
Ëslam
Eserleri
Müzesin'deki
minyatürlü
kitaplarén
katalog¡u,"
‡arkiyat
mecmuasé
3,
1959,
pp.
51-90.
Heribert
W.
Duda,
"Die
persischen
Dichterhandschriften
der
Sammlung
Es¿ad
Efendi
zu
Istanbul,"
Der
Islam
39,
1964,
pp.
38-70.
Adnan
Sadék
Erzi,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerinden
notlar
ve
vesikalar
I,"
Belleten
14,
no.
53,
1950,
pp.
85-105.
Idem,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerinden
notlar
ve
vesikalar
II,"
Belleten
14,
no.
56,
1950,
pp.
595-647.
Paul
Horn,
"Persische
Handschriften
in
Constantinopel,"
ZDMG
54,
1900,
pp.
275-332,
475-509.
Ëstanbul
kütüphanelerinde
Fatih
hususî
kütüphanesi
ve
Fatih
çag¡é
müelliflerine
ait
eserler,
Istanbul,
1953.
Fehmi
Edhem
Karatay
and
Ivan
Stchoukine,
Les
manuscrits
orientaux
illustre‚s
de
la
bibliotheàque
de
l'universite‚
de
Stamboul,
Paris,
1933.
Günay
Kut
and
Nimet
Bayraktar,
Yazma
eserlerde
vakéf
mühürleri,
Ankara,
1984.
Fritz
Meier,
"Stambuler
Handschriften
dreier
persischer
Mystiker,"
Der
Islam
24,
1937,
pp.
30-39.
Mojtaba@
Minovi,
"Az
kòaza@÷en-e
Torkiya
(I),"
MDAT
4/2,
1956,
pp.
42-75.
Idem,
"Az
kòaza@÷en-e
Torkiya
(II),"
MDAT
4/3,
1956,
pp.
51-89.
Idem,
"Az
kòaza@'en-e
Torkiya
(III),"
MDAT
8/3,
1961,
pp.
1-29.
Fatemeh
Mohadjeri,
"Ayasofya
kütüphanesinde
mevcut
olan
farsça
manzum
eserler,"
Ph.D.
diss.,
Istanbul
University,
Istanbul,
1973.
M.
Önder,
Ë.
Binark,
and
N.
Seferciog¡lu,
Mevlânâ
bibliyografyasé
II:
Yazmalar,
Ankara,
1974.
Jürgen
Paul,
"Anonyme
arabische
und
persische
inæa@
Handschriften
aus
den
Sammlungen
der
Süleymaniye-Bibliothek
(Istanbul),"
ZDMG
144/2,
1994,
pp.
301-29.
Hellmut
Ritter,
"Philologika,
VII:
Arabische
und
persische
Schriften
über
die
profane
und
die
mystische
Liebe,"
Der
Islam
21,
1933,
pp.
84-109.
Idem,
"Philologika,
X:
Fariduddin
'AtÂtÂa@r,"
Der
Islam
25,
1938,
pp.
134-73.
Idem,
"Philologika,
XI:
Maula@na@
G¦ala@laddin
Rumi
und
sein
Kreis,"
Der
Islam
26,
1942,
pp.
116-58,
221-49.
Idem,
"Ayasofya
kütüphanesinde
tefsir
ilmine
ait
arapça
yazmalar,"
Türkiyat
mecmuasé
7-8,
1945,
pp.
1-93.
Idem,
"Philologika,
XIV:
Fariduddin
'AtÂtÂa@r
II,"
Oriens
9,
1958,
pp.
1-76.
Idem,
"Die
persischen
Dichterhandschriften
der
Fatih-Bibliothek
in
Istanbul"
(ed.
Benedikt
Reinert),
Oriens
29-30,
1986,
pp.
110-258.
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
"Diyarbakér
kütüphanesinde
bulunan
bazé
yazmalar,"
Ankara
Üniversite
Dil
Tarih
ve
Cog¡rafya
Fakultesi
ara¶térma
dergisi
4,
1968,
pp.
193-227.
Idem,
"Ëstanbul
kütüphanelerinde
tarih
ve
tercüme-i
hale
dair
bilinmeyen
bazé
yazmalar,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
22,
1968,
pp.
143-68.
Idem,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerinde
bulunan
bazé
mühim
yazmalar,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
23,
1969,
pp.
83-110.
Idem,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerindeki
tanétélmamé¶
bazé
farsça
yazmalar,"
Ëslâm
tetkikleri
enstitüsü
dergisi
8/1-4,
1984,
pp.
5-70.
Fuat
Sezgin,
ed.,
Beiträge
zur
Erschliessung
der
arabischen
Handschriften
in
Istanbul
und
Anatolien,
4
vols.,
Frankfurt
am
Main,
1986.
Towfiq
H.
Sobháa@ni,
Fehrest-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
keta@b-kòa@naha@-ye
Torkiya,
Tehran,
1994.
Felix
Tauer,
"Les
manuscrits
persans
historiques
des
bibliotheàques
de
Stamboul
I:
Histoire
ge‚ne‚rale,"
Archiv
Orienta‚lní
3,
1931,
pp.
87-118;
"II:
Histoire
de
Moháammad,
des
¿Alides
et
des
Khalifas.
Les
Kisáa
sáu-l-Anbiya@,"
Archiv
Orienta‚lní
3,
1931,
pp.
303-26;
"III:
Histoire
de
l'Ira@n
et
de
la
Transoxiane,"
Archiv
Orienta‚lní
3,
1931,
pp.
462-91;
"IV:
Histoire
des
e‚tats
Turcs
en
Asie
Mineure
et
de
l'empire
Ottoman,"
Archiv
Orienta‚lní
4,
1932,
pp.
92-107.
Idem,
"V:
Histoire
des
Indes,
index,"
Archiv
Orienta‚lní
4,
1932,
pp.
193-207;
summary
tr.
with
intro.
Iraj
Afæa@r
as
"555
noskòa-ye
Fa@rsi-e
ta@rikò
dar
keta@b-kòa@naha@-ye
Esta@nbul,"
Na@ma-ye
Baha@resta@n
1/1,
2000,
pp.
85-98;
Turkish
tr.
O.
G.
Özgüdenli
and
A.
Erdog¡an
as
"Ëstanbul
kütüphanelerinde
bulunan
farsça
tarih
yazmalaré,"
in
Prof.
Dr.
Ramazan
‡e¶en
armag¡ané,
Istanbul,
forthcoming.
Zeki
Velidî
Togan,
"Kayseri
ve
Bursa'daki
bazé
yazmalar
hakkénda,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
1/1,
1949,
pp.
67-76.
Idem,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerindeki
bazé
yazmalar,"
Ëslâm
tetkikleri
enstitüsü
dergisi
2/1,
1957,
pp.
59-88.
Cevdet
Türkay,
Ëstanbul
kütüphanelerinde
Osmanlélar
devrine
aid
türkçe-arapça-farsça
yazma
ve
basma
cog¡rafya
eserleri
bibliyografyasé,
Istanbul,
1958.
Une
liste
des
manuscrits
choisis
parmi
les
bibliotheàques
de
Bursa,
Istanbul,
1951.
Une
liste
des
manuscrits
choisis
parmi
les
bibliotheàques
de
Kayseri,
Ak¶ehir,
Bor,
Gül¶ehir,
Nev¶ehir,
Nig¡de,
Ürgüp,
Istanbul,
1951.
Idem,
Une
liste
des
manuscrits
choisis
parmi
les
bibliotheàques
de
Konya,
Istanbul,
1951.
Idem,
Une
liste
des
manuscrits
choisis
parmi
les
bibliotheàques
de
Manisa,
Akhisar,
Istanbul,
1951.
The
Saljuq
and
Ottoman
Libraries.
Mikâil
Bayram,
"Sadreddin
Konevî
kütüphanesi
ve
kitaplaré,"
in
Hasan
Celâl
Güzel,
Kemal
Çiçek,
and
Salim
Koca,
eds.,
Türkler
VII,
Ankara,
2002,
pp.
585-89.
Nihad
M.
Çetin,
"Mathnaw^'nin
Konya
kütüphanelerindeki
eski
yazmalaré,"
‡arkiyat
mecmuasé
4,
1961,
pp.
97-118.
Müjgân
Cunbur,
"Kütüphane
vakfiyelerinden
notlar,"
Erdem
1/3,
1985,
pp.
711-43.
Ësmail
E.
Erünsal,
"Fâtih
devri
kütüphaneleri
ve
Molla
Lütfî
hakkénda
birkaç
not,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
33,
1982,
pp.
57-78.
Idem,
Kütüphanecilikle
ilgili
osmanléca
metin
ve
belgeler,
2
vols.,
Istanbul,
1982-90.
Idem,
"Medieval
Ottoman
Libraries,"
Erdem,
1/3,
1983,
pp.
745-54.
Idem,
"‡ehid
Ali
Pa¶a'nén
Ëstanbul'da
Kurdug¡u
kütüphane
ve
müsadere
edilen
kitaplaré,"
ËÜEF
kütüphanecilik
dergisi
1,
1987,
pp.
79-87.
Idem,
"959/1552
tarihli
defter-i
kütüb,"
Erdem
4,
no.
10,
1988,
pp.
181-93.
Idem,
Türk
kütüphaneleri
tarihi
II:
Kurulu¶tan
Tanzimat'a
kadar
Osmanlé
vakéf
kütüphaneleri,
Ankara,
1991.
Idem,
"The
Catalogue
of
Ba@yezid
II's
Palace
Library,"
ËÜEF
kütüphanecilik
dergisi
3,
1992,
pp.
55-66.
Idem,
"Fatih
Camii
kütüphanesine
ait
en
eski
müstakil
katalog,"
Erdem
9,
no.
26,
1996,
pp.
659-64.
Idem,
"The
Development
of
Ottoman
Libraries
from
the
Conquest
of
Istanbul
(1453)
to
the
Emergence
of
the
Independent
Library,"
Belleten
60,
no.
227,
1996,
pp.
93-125.
Idem,
"The
Golden
Age
of
Ottoman
Libraries
(1730-1754),"
ËÜEF
kütüphanecilik
dergisi,
belge
bilgi
kütüphane
ara¶térmalaré
4,
1998,
pp.
19-29.
Idem,
"A
Brief
Survey
of
the
Development
of
Turkish
Library
Catalogues",
in
ed.
Irvin
Cemil
Schick,
ed.,
M.
Ug¡ur
Derman
armag¡ané
(altmé¶be¶inci
ya¶é
münasebetiyle
sunulmu¶
teblig¡ler),
Istanbul,
2000,
pp.
271-82.
Osman
G.
Özgüdenli,
"‡eyh
Safîu'd-dîn
Erdebîlî'nin
türbesinde
bulunan
kitaplar,"
M.
Ü.
Türklük
ara¶térmalaré
dergisi
10,
2001,
pp.
43-56.
Idem,
and
Abdülkadir
Erdog¡an,
"Ëstanbul
kütüphanelerinde
bulunan
farsça
tarih
yazmalaré
hakkénda
bazé
mülâhazalar,"
Nâme-i
a¶ina
15-16,
2004,
pp.
63-84.
Süheyl
Ünver,
Fatih
külliyesi
ve
zamané
ilim
hayaté,
Istanbul,
1946.
Idem,
"Selçuklular
zamanénda
kütüphaneler
üzerine
yeni
örnekler
ve
bazé
mülâhazalar,"
in
III.
Türk
tarih
kongresi
(Ankara
15-20
Kasém
1943):
Kongreye
sunulan
teblig¡ler,
Ankara,
1948,
pp.
642-46.
Idem,
"Artéklélar
kütüphaneleri
hakkénda
yeni
tetkikler,"
ibid.,
pp.
221-24.
Idem,
"Ëkinci
Selim'e
kadar
Osmanlé
hükümdarlarénén
hususî
kütüphaneleri
hakkénda,"
in
IV.
Türk
tarih
kongresi
(Ankara
10-14
Kasém
1948):
kongreye
sunulan
teblig¡ler,
Ankara,
1952,
pp.
294-312.
Idem,
"Anadolu
Selçuklularé
zamanénda
umumî
ve
hususî
kütüphaneler,"
in
Atatürk
konferanslaré,
1964-1968,
Ankara,
1970,
pp.
3-27.
Murat
Yüksel,
"Kara
Timurta¶-Og¡lu
Umur
Bey'in
Bursa'da
vakfettig¡i
kitaplar
ve
vakéf
kayétlaré,"
Türk
dünyasé
ara¶térmalaré
31,
1984,
pp.
134-47.
Manuscript
libraries
in
Turkey:
A)
Bibligraphies:
Ira@j
Afæa@r,
Keta@b-æena@si-e
fehrest-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
fa@rsi
dar
keta@b-kòa@naha@-ye
donya@,
Tehran,
1958,
pp.
23-40.
Nimet
Bayraktar,
"Yazma
ve
basma
kütüphane
fihristleri,"
Türk
dünyasé
ara¶térmalaré
dergisi
21,
1982,
pp.
127-59.
Idem,
Türkiye
kütüphaneleri
ve
dig¡er
bilgi
i¶lem
merkezleri,
Ankara,
1989.
Idem,
Türkiye
yazma
eser
kütüphaneleri
ve
bu
kütüphanelerde
bulunan
yazmalarla
ilgili
yayénlar
bibliyografyasé,
Istanbul,
1995.
Ësmet
Binark,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerindeki
yazmalar
hakkénda
yerli-yabancé
kaynaklar
bibliyografyasé,"
Türk
kültürü
ara¶térmalaré
3-6,
1966-69,
pp.
289-315.
Idem,
"Türkiye
kütüphanelerindeki
yazmalar
hakkénda
yerli-yabancé
kaynaklar
bibliyografyasé
-yeni
ilâvelerle-,"
Türk
kütüphaneciler
derneg¡i
bülteni
23/1,
1974,
pp.
54-79.
B)
Studies.
Meral
Alpay
and
Safiye
Özkan,
Ëstanbul
kütüphaneleri,
Istanbul,
1982.
Dog¡an
Atélgan,
"Yazma
eserlerin
bilgisayar
ortaména
aktarélmasé
ve
hizmete
sunulmasé:
DTCF
kütüphanesi
deneyimi,"
in
Prof.
Dr.
Necmeddin
Seferciog¡lu
armag¡ané,
Ankara,
2001,
pp.
155-59.
Orhan
Bilgin,
"Turkey,"
in
Geoffrey
Roper,
ed.,
The
World
Survey
of
Islamic
Manuscripts,
4
vols.,
London,
1991-94,
III,
pp.
271-400.
Müjgân
Cunbur,
"Yazma
kütüphanelerimizin
bugünkü
durumlaré
ve
meseleleri,"
Türk
kütüphaneciler
derneg¡i
bülteni
19/1,
1970,
pp.
3-17.
Moháammad-Taqi
Da@neæpa‘uh,
"Keta@b-kòa@naha@-ye
Esta@nbul,"
Noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi
10,
1979,
pp.
275-85.
Halit
Dener,
Süleymaniye
umumî
kütüphanesi,
Ankara,
1957.
Idem,
Türkiye
kütüphaneleri
rehberi/Re‚pertoire
des
bibliotheàques
de
Turquie,
Ankara,
1957.
Muzaffer
Gökman,
Bayezit
umumî
kütüphanesi,
Istanbul,
1956.
Idem,
"Bayezit
umumî
kütüphanesi,"
Türk
kütüphaneciler
derneg¡i
bülteni
5/2,
1956,
pp.
148-66.
Idem,
Ëstanbul
kütüphaneleri
ve
yazma
tép
kitaplaré,
Istanbul,
1959.
Ya¶ar
Karayalçén,
Kütüphanelerimize
umumî
bir
baké¶,
Ankara,
1952.
Günay
Kut,
"Ëstanbul'daki
yazma
kütüphaneleri,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
23,
1982,
pp.
341-74.
Neriman
Malkoç
Öztürkmen,
Ëstanbul
ve
Ankara
kütüphaneleri,
Ankara,
1957.
Sayyed
Mahámud
Najafi-Mar¿aæi,
"Keta@b-kòa@na
wa
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
kohan
o
nafis
dar
Torkiya,"
in
idem,
ed.,
Ganjina-ye
ˆeha@b
III,
Qom,
2002,
pp.
347-407.
Ali
Öngül,
"Nuruosmaniye
kütüphanesi,"
Mamara
Üniversitesi
Fen-Edebiyat
Fakültesi
türklük
ara¶térmalaré
dergisi
6,
1991,
pp.
141-49.
Ësmet
Parmaksézog¡lu,
"Manisa
kütüphaneleri,"
Türk
kütüphaneciler
derneg¡i
bülteni
8/2,
1959,
pp.
17-22.
R.
Tûba
Çavdar,
"Bursa
kütüphaneleri",
ËÜEF
kütüphanecilik
dergisi
2,
1989,
pp.
101-17.
Cataloging
and
TÜYATOK
(Türkiye
Yazmalaré
Toplu
Katalog¡u).
Hatice
Aynur,
"Türkiye'de
türkçe
yazma
eserlerin
kataloglanmasé
üzerine
bir
deg¡erlendirme
1989-2002,"
Journal
of
Turkish
Studies/Türklük
bilimi
ara¶térmalaré
26/1,
2002,
pp.
37-52.
Elezear
Birnbaum,
"Turkish
Manuscripts:
Cataloguing
Since
1960
and
Manuscripts
Still
Uncatalogued.
Part
5:
Turkey
and
Cyprus,"
JAOS
104/3,
1984,
pp.
466-502.
Müjgân
Cunbur,
"Önsöz,"
in
Türkiye
yazmalaré
toplu
katalog¡u
I,
Ankara,
1979,
pp.
viii-xiv.
Barbara
Flemming,
"The
Union
Catalogue
of
Manuscripts
in
Turkey:
Türkiye
Yazmalaré
Toplu
Katalog¡u
(TÜYATOK),"
Manuscripts
of
the
Middle
East
1,
1985,
pp.
109-10.
Hasan
S.
Keserog¡lu,
"Türkiye'de
katalog
ve
kataloglamanén
tarihçesi,"
ËÜEF
kütüphanecilik
dergisi
1,
1987,
pp.
163-78.
Turgut
Kut,
"Türkçe
yazma
eserler
kataloglaré
repertuvaré,"
Türk
dili
ara¶térmalar
yéllég¡é
belleten
1972,
1973,
pp.
183-240.
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
"Türkiye'deki
yazma
koleksiyonlaré
ve
bunlarén
kataloglarénén
ne¶redilmesi,"
ËÜEF
tarih
dergisi
Prof.
Dr.
Hakké
Dursun
Yéldéz
hatéra
sayésé
25,
1994,
pp.
1-34.
Specialized
studies.
‡adi
Aydén,
"Farsça
divan
sahibi
Osmanlé
sultanlaré
ve
divânlarénén
nüshalaré,"
Nüsha,
¶arkiyat
ara¶térmalaré
dergisi
2/6,
2002,
pp.
45-56.
Mikâil
Bayram,
Anadolu'da
kaleme
alénan
ilk
farsça
eser.
Ke¶fu'l-¿akabe,
Konya,
1981.
Idem,
"Selçuklular
zamanénda
Malatya'da
ilmî
ve
fikrî
faaliyetler,"
in
I-II.
Millî
Selçuklu
kültür
ve
medeniyeti
semineri
bildirileri
(20-21
Mayés
1991),
Konya,
1993,
pp.
119-24.
Idem,
"Anadolu'da
te'lif
edilen
ilk
türkçe
eser
meselesi,"
in
V.
Millî
kültür
ve
medeniyeti
semineri
bildirileri
(25-26
Nisan
1995),
Konya,
1996,
pp.
95-100.
¿Abba@s
Eqba@l,
"Qeblat-al-kotta@b
SoltÂa@n-¿Ali
Maæhadi",
MDAT
13/2,
1965,
pp.
87-93.
Barbara
Flemming,
"Anadolu
beylikleri,"
in
ËA
12/2,
pp.
280-86.
Güner
Ënal,
"‡ah
Ësmail
devrinden
bir
‡ehname
ve
sonraki
etkileri,"
ËÜEF
sanat
tarihi
yéllég¡é
5,
1973,
pp.
497-529.
Ahmet
Kartal,
"Anadolu'da
farsça
¶iir
söyleyen
Türk
¶airler
(XI.-XVI.
yüzyéllar),"
in
Hasan
Celâl
Güzel,
Kemal
Çiçek,
and
Salim
Koca,
eds.,
Türkler
VII,
Ankara,
2002,
pp.
682-95.
Mecdud
Mansurog¡lu,
"Anadolu
metinleri,
(XIII.
Asér),"
Türkiyat
mecmuasé
7-8,
1942,
pp.
82-94.
Idem,
"The
Rise
and
Development
of
Written
Turkish
in
Anatolia,"
Oriens
7,
1954,
pp.
250-64.
Hasibe
Mazéog¡lu,
"Selçuklular
devrinde
Anadolu'da
Türk
edebiyaténén
ba¶lamasé
ve
türkçe
yazan
¶airler,"
in
Malazgird
armag¡ané,
Ankara,
1972,
pp.
297-316.
Osman
G.
Özgüdenli,
"Ta@rikò-e
Wasásáa@f
be-kòatÂtÂ-e
mo÷allef
o
mohr-e
keta@b-kòa@na-ye
Rab¿-e
Raæidi,"
Na@ma-ye
Baha@resta@n
7-8,
2004,
pp.
63-72.
Mustafa
Özkan,
"Selçuklu
ve
Beylikler
devrinde
edebiyat,"
in
Hasan
Celâl
Güzel,
Kemal
Çiçek,
and
Salim
Koca,
eds.,
Türkler
VII,
Ankara,
2002,
pp.
636-70.
Mustafa
Özkan,
"Selçuklu
ve
Beylikler
devrinde
Türk
dili,"
in
Hasan
Celâl
Güzel,
Kemal
Çiçek,
and
Salim
Koca,
eds.,
Türkler
VII,
Ankara,
2002,
pp.
593-608.
Mürsel
Öztürk,
"Selçuklu
ara
¶térmalarénda
farsçanén
önemi,"
in
I.
Uluslararasé
Selçuklu
kültür
ve
medeniyeti
kongresi
ildirileri
II,
Konya,
2001,
pp.
180-89.
Saime
Ënal
Savi,
"Anadolu'da
farsça
gramer
çalé¶malaré,"
in
IV.
Millî
Selçuklu
kültür
ve
medeniyeti
semineri
bildirileri,
Konya,
1994,
pp.
121-26.
General
studies.
Mahdi
Baya@ni,
Aháwa@l
o
a@t¯a@r-e
kòoænevisa@n
I:
nasta¿liqnevisa@n,
2nd
ed.,
Tehran,
1977;
III,
Tehran,
1348
ˆ./1969.
Najib
Ma@yel
Heravi,
Ta@rikò-e
noskòaparda@zi
o
tasáháihá-e
enteqa@di-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi,
Tehran,
2002.
Rokn-al-Din
Homa@yun-farrokò,
Keta@b
wa
keta@b-kòa@naha@-ye
æa@hanæa@hi-e
Ira@n
II,
az-sáadr-e
Esla@m
ta@
¿asár-e
konun,
Tehran,
1968.
Ekmeleddin
Ëhsanog¡lu,
et
al.,
eds.,
Osmanlé
astronomi
literatürü
tarihi/History
of
Astronomy
Literature
during
the
Ottoman
Period,
2
vols.,
Istanbul,
1997.
Ekmeleddin
Ëhsanog¡lu,
Ramazan
‡e¶en
and
Cevat
Ëzgi,
eds.,
Osmanlé
matematik
literatürü
tarihi/History
of
Mathematical
Literature
during
the
Ottoman
Period,
2
vols.,
Istanbul,
1999.
Ekmeleddin
Ëhsanog¡lu
et
al.,
eds.,
Osmanlé
cog¡rafya
literatürü
tarihi/History
of
Geographical
Literature
during
the
Ottoman
Period,
2
vols.,
Istanbul,
2000.
Ekmeleddin
Ëhsanog¡lu,
et
al.,
eds.,
Osmanlé
mûsikî
literatürü
tarihi/History
of
Music
Literature
during
the
Ottoman
Period,
Istanbul,
2003.
Ekmeleddin
Ëhsanog¡lu,
ed.,
Osmanlé
askerlik
literatürü
tarihi/History
of
Military
Art
and
Science
Literature
during
the
Ottoman
Period,
2
vols.,
Istanbul,
2004.
M.
Fuad
Köprülü,
"Anadolu
Selçuklularé
tarihinin
yerli
kaynaklaré,"Belleten
7,
no.
27,
1943,
pp.
379-521.
Adnan
Karaismailog¡lu,
Klâsik
dönem
Türk
¶iiri
incelemeleri,
Ankara,
2001.
Elha@ma
Mefta@há
and
Wahha@b
Wali,
Nega@hi
be-ravand-e
nofudò
wa
gostareæ-e
zaba@n
wa
adab-e
fa@rsi
dar
Torkiya,
Tehran,
1995.
Ahámad
Monzawi,
Fehrest-e
noskòaha@-ye
kòatÂtÂi-e
fa@rsi,
8
vols.,
Tehran,
1969-74.
Idem,
Fehrestva@ra-ye
keta@bha@-ye
fa@rsi,
6
vols.,
Tehran,
1996-2003.
Nâdir
kitap
örnekleri
sergisi:
Unesco
toplantésé
dolayéséyla
(15-22
Haziran
1963),
Istanbul,
1966.
Moháammad
Amin
Ria@hái,
Zaba@n
wa
adab-e
fa@rsi
dar
qalamrow-e
¿Ot¯ma@ni,
tr.
Mehmet
Kanar
as
Osmanlé
topraklarénda
fars
dili
ve
edebiyaté,
Istanbul,
1995.
Ramazan
‡e¶en,
Cemil
Akpénar,
and
Cevad
Ëzgi,
eds.,
Türkiye
kütüphaneleri
Ëslâmî
téb
yazmalaré
(arapça,
türkçe,
farsça)
katalog¡u/Catalogue
of
Islamic
Medical
Manuscripts
(in
Arabic,
Turkish
&
Persian)
in
the
Libraries
of
Turkey,
Istanbul,
1984.
Charles
A.
Storey,
Persian
Literature,
2
vols.,
London,
1927-39;
tr.
Yu.
E.
Bregel
as
Persidskaya
literatura:
Bio-bibliograficheskii
obzor,
3
vols.,
Moscow,
1972;
Persian
tr.
Yaháya@
AÚrinpur,
S.
Izadi,
and
K.
Keæa@varz
as
Adabiya@t-e
@fa@rsi,
bar-mabna@-ye
ta÷lif-e
Estori,
tarjama-ye
Y.
Bregel,
ed.
Ahámad
Monzawi,
2
vols.,
Tehran,
1983.
Türk
cilt
sanaté
sergisi
(25
Kasém-1
Aralék
1968),
Süleymaniye
kütüphanesi
koleksiyonlaréndan
seçilmi¶
yazma
eserler,
Ankara,
1968.
Tahásin
Ya@ziji
[Tahsin
Yazécé],
Pa@rsinevisa@n-e
AÚsia@-ye
Sáag@ir,
Tehran
1992.
(OSMAN
G.
ÖZGüDENLI)
January
6,
2005 |