Obviously an ambitious and forceful personality, Ina@n± K¨a@tun played a leading role in the confused political and military maneuverings in northwestern Persia after Jaha@n-Pahlava@n Moháammad's death. The latter's brother and successor, Mozáaffar-al-Din Qïzïl (Qezel) Arsla@n ¿Ot¯ma@n (r. 582-87/1186-91), married his brother's widow according to the custom of the levirate (H®osayni, p. 179, tr. p. 464; Abu H®a@med, p. 86; Ra@vandi, p. 363; Ebn al-At¯ir, XI, pp. 525-26; cf. Bonda@ri, ed. Houtsma, pp. 142-44). Jaha@n-Pahlava@n Moháammad seems to have made an arrangement for his four sons to share out his personal lands under the general supervision and overlordship of Qïzïl Arsla@n (H®osayni, p. 173, tr. p. 455; cf. Luther, p. 396). In the internecine squabbles which ensued, Ina@n± K¨a@tun supported the claims of her own two sons by Jaha@n-Pahlava@n Moháammad, Qutlug@ Ïna@n± Mahámud and Amir-e Amira@n ¿Omar, against her first husband's two sons by slave mothers.

Meanwhile, the last of the Great Saljuqs of the west, T®og@rïl (III) b. Arsla@n, was attempting to break free from Qïzïl Arsla@n's tutelage. He allied with Qutlug@ Ina@n± Mahámud against Qïzïl Arsla@n and the latter's son Nosárat al-Din Abu Bakr, but after failing to secure outside help had to surrender to Qïzïl Arsla@n in 586/1190 and suffer imprisonment at the Ata@beg's hands (Bonda@ri, pp. 301-2; Ra@vandi, p. 362; Ebn al-At¯ir, XI, p. 560, XII, p. 76; cf. Houtsma, pp. 145-50). However, Qïzïl Arsla@n, who had now assumed for himself, with the Abbasid caliph al-Na@sáer's approval, the title of sultan, was murdered in mysterious circumstances in ˆa¿ba@n 587/August-September 1191, apparently by one of his own @gola@ms, but possibly at the prompting of his wife Ïna@n± K¨a@tun (H®osayni, p. 181; tr., pp. 467-68; Abu H®a@med, p. 89; Ra@vandi, p. 363; Bon-da@ri, ed. Houtsma, p. 302; Ebn-al-At¯ir, XII, pp. 75-76). T®og@rïl, now released from captivity by the amirs of Azerbaijan, quickly defeated Qutlug@ Ïna@n± Mahámud and Amir-e Amira@n ¿Omar near Qazvin and drove the former to seek security in the citadel of Ray (Ebn al-At¯ir, XII, pp. 94, 106). Ïna@n± K¨a@tun surrendered to T®og@rïl and married him, probably in 588/1192 (Abu H®a@med, p. 90; according to Ra@vandi, pp. 366-67, in the following year), but died at Hamada@n shortly afterwards (H®osayni, pp. 183-84, 189-90; tr. 471-73, 481, according to whom her son Qutlug@ Ïna@n± Mahámud suspected the Saljuq sultan of killing her; Ra@vandi, pp. 366-67, specifically says that T®og@rïl had her strangled).

Bibliography: Abu H®a@med Moháammad b. Ebra@him, D¨ayl-e Saljuq-na@ma, in Ps.-Z®ahir-al-Din Niæa@puri, Saljuq-na@ma, ed. Esma@¿il Afæa@r, Tehran, 1953. Fathá b. ¿Ali Bonda@ri, Zobdat al-nosára wa nokòbat al-¿osára, Cairo, 1900; ed. M. Th. Houtsma, in idem, ed, Recueile textes relatifs aà l'histoire des Seldjoucides, 4 vols., Leiden, 1886-1902, II. C. Edmund Bosworth, "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World," in Camb. Hist. Iran V, pp. 1-202, esp. pp. 179-81. Idem, The New Islamic Dynasties, Edinburgh, 1996, pp. 199-200, no. 99. Ebn al-Atòir, al-Ka@mel fi'l-ta÷rikò, 13 vols., Beirut, 1967. S®adr al-Din H®osayni, Akòba@r al-dawla al-saljuqiya, ed. M. Iqbal, Lahore, 1933; tr. Qibla Ayaz as "An Unexploited Source for the History of the Salju@qs: A Translation of and Commentary on the Akhba@r al-Dawlat al-Salju@qiyya," unpubl. Ph.D. diss., Edinburgh University, 1985. M. Th. Houtsma, "Some Remarks on the History of the Saljuks," Acta Orientalia 3, 1924, pp. 136-52. Kenneth Allin Luther, The Political Transformation of the Seljuq Sultanate of Iraq and Western Iran, 1152-1187, unpubl. Ph.D. diss., Princeton, 1964. Idem, "Ra@vand^'s Report on the Administrative Changes of Muháammad Jaha@n Pahlava@n," in C. E. Bosworth, ed., Iran and Islam: In Memory of the Late Vladimir Minorsky, Edinburgh, 1971, pp. 393-406. Moháammad b. ¿Ali Ra@vandi, Ra@háat al-sáodur wa a@yat al-sáodur, ed. M. Iqbal, London, 1921; rev. with corrections and notes by Mojtaba@ Minovi, Tehran, 1985.